Share Latest Aug-2023 312-50v11 DUMP with 525 Questions and Answers [Q147-Q164]

Share Latest Aug-2023 312-50v11 DUMP with 525 Questions and Answers

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NEW QUESTION # 147
Bobby, an attacker, targeted a user and decided to hijack and intercept all their wireless communications. He installed a fake communication tower between two authentic endpoints to mislead the victim. Bobby used this virtual tower to interrupt the data transmission between the user and real tower, attempting to hijack an active session, upon receiving the users request. Bobby manipulated the traffic with the virtual tower and redirected the victim to a malicious website. What is the attack performed by Bobby in the above scenario?

• A. Wardriving
• B. jamming signal attack
• C. KRACK attack
• D. aLTEr attack

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
We discovered serious weaknesses in WPA2, a protocol that secures all trendy protected Wi-Fi networks. an attacker within range of a victim will exploit these weaknesses using key reinstallation attacks (KRACKs).
Concretely, attackers will use this novel attack technique to scan info that was previously assumed to be safely encrypted. this will be abused to steal sensitive info like mastercard numbers, passwords, chat messages, emails, photos, and so on. The attack works against all modern protected Wi-Fi networks. depending on the network configuration, it's additionally doable to inject and manipulate information. as an example, an attacker can be ready to inject ransomware or alternative malware into websites.The weaknesses are within the Wi-Fi standard itself, and not in individual products or implementations. Therefore, any correct implementation of WPA2 is likely affected. to forestall the attack, users should update affected products as soon as security updates become offered. Note that if your device supports Wi-Fi, it's most likely affected.
during our initial analysis, we have a tendency to discovered ourselves that android, Linux, Apple, Windows, OpenBSD, MediaTek, Linksys, and others, area unit all affected by some variant of the attacks. For more info about specific products, consult the info of CERT/CC, or contact your merchant.The analysis behind the attack are presented at the pc and Communications Security (CCS) conference, and at the Black Hat Europe conference. Our detailed analysis paper will already be downloaded.Update October 2018: we've a follow-up paper wherever we generalize attacks, analyze additional handshakes, bypass Wi-Fi's official defense, audit patches, and enhance attacks using implementation-specific bugs.
DEMONSTRATIONAs a proof-of-concept we have a tendency to executed a key reinstallation attack against an robot smartphone. during this demonstration, the attacker is in a position to decrypt all information that the victim transmits. For an attacker this is often straightforward to accomplish, as a result of our key reinstallation attack is exceptionally devastating against UNIX system and robot half dozen.0 or higher. this is} as a result of robot and UNIX system can be tricked into (re)installing an all-zero encryption key (see below for additional info). once offensive other devices, it's harder to decrypt all packets, though an outsized variety of packets will nevertheless be decrypted. In any case, the subsequent demonstration highlights the kind of knowledge that an attacker will acquire once activity key reinstallation attacks against protected Wi-Fi networks:Our attack isn't restricted to sick login credentials (i.e. e-mail addresses and passwords). In general, any information or info that the victim transmits may be decrypted. in addition, counting on the device being employed and also the network setup, it's additionally doable to decipher information sent towards the victim (e.g. the content of a website). though websites or apps might use HTTPS as a further layer of protection, we have a tendency to warn that this additional protection will (still) be bypassed during a worrying variety of things. as an example, HTTPS was previously bypassed in non-browser package, in Apple's iOS and OS X, in robot apps, in robot apps once more, in banking apps, and even in VPN apps.
DETAILSOur main attack is against the 4-way handshake of the WPA2 protocol. This handshake is executed once a consumer needs to hitch a protected Wi-Fi network, and is employed to confirm that each the consumer and access purpose possess the right credentials (e.g. the pre-shared secret of the network). At identical time, the 4-way handshake additionally negotiates a recent encoding key that may be wont to write all sequent traffic. Currently, all trendy protected Wi-Fi networks use the 4-way handshake. this suggests of these networks area unit suffering from (some variant of) our attack. for example, the attack works against personal and enterprise Wi-Fi networks, against the older WPA and also the latest WPA2 normal, and even against networks that solely use AES. All our attacks against WPA2 use a completely unique technique known as a key reinstallation attack (KRACK):Key reinstallation attacks: high level descriptionIn a key reinstallation attack, the adversary tricks a victim into reinstalling an already-in-use key. this is often achieved by manipulating and replaying science handshake messages. once the victim reinstalls the key, associated parameters like the progressive transmit packet variety (i.e. nonce) and receive packet variety (i.e. replay counter) area unit reset to their initial price. primarily, to ensure security, a key ought to solely be put in and used once. sadly, we have a tendency to found this is often not secure by the WPA2 protocol. By manipulating cryptographic handshakes, we are able to abuse this weakness in observe.
Key reinstallation attacks: concrete example against the 4-way handshakeAs represented within the introduction of the analysis paper, the concept behind a key reinstallation attack may be summarized as follows. once a consumer joins a network, it executes the 4-way handshake to barter a recent encoding key.
it'll install this key once receiving message three of the 4-way acknowledgement. Once the key's put in, it'll be wont to write traditional information frames mistreatment associate encoding protocol. However, as a result of messages is also lost or born, the Access purpose (AP) can transmit message three if it didn't receive an appropriate response as acknowledgment. As a result, the consumer might receive message three multiple times. every time it receives this message, it'll instal identical encoding key, and thereby reset the progressive transmit packet variety (nonce) and receive replay counter utilized by the encryption protocol. we have a tendency to show that associate attacker will force these time being resets by collecting and replaying retransmissions of message three of the 4-way handshake. By forcing time being recycle during this manner, the encoding protocol may be attacked, e.g., packets may be replayed, decrypted, and/or solid. the same technique may also be wont to attack the cluster key, PeerKey, TDLS, and quick BSS transition handshake.

NEW QUESTION # 148
Ben purchased a new smartphone and received some updates on it through the OTA method. He received two messages: one with a PIN from the network operator and another asking him to enter the PIN received from the operator. As soon as he entered the PIN, the smartphone started functioning in an abnormal manner. What is the type of attack performed on Ben in the above scenario?

• A. Tap 'n ghost attack
• B. Advanced SMS phishing
• C. Phishing
• D. Bypass SSL pinning

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 149
Gavin owns a white-hat firm and is performing a website security audit for one of his clients. He begins by running a scan which looks for common misconfigurations and outdated software versions. Which of the following tools is he most likely using?

• A. Armitage
• B. Metasploit
• C. Nmap
• D. Nikto

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 150
Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization's perimeter and attempted to intrude into its internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack.
What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario?

• A. Wireless network assessment
• B. Host-based assessment
• C. Application assessment
• D. Distributed assessment

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 151
The establishment of a TCP connection involves a negotiation called three-way handshake. What type of message does the client send to the server in order to begin this negotiation?

• A. SYN-ACK
• B. RST
• C. SYN
• D. ACK

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 152
Harper, a software engineer, is developing an email application. To ensure the confidentiality of email messages. Harper uses a symmetric-key block cipher having a classical 12- or 16-round Feistel network with a block size of 64 bits for encryption, which includes large 8 x 32-bit S-boxes (S1, S2, S3, S4) based on bent functions, modular addition and subtraction, key-dependent rotation, and XOR operations. This cipher also uses a masking key(Km1)and a rotation key (Kr1) for performing its functions. What is the algorithm employed by Harper to secure the email messages?

• A. GOST block cipher
• B. AES
• C. CAST-128
• D. DES

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 153
Abel, a security professional, conducts penetration testing in his client organization to check for any security loopholes. He launched an attack on the DHCP servers by broadcasting forged DHCP requests and leased all the DHCP addresses available in the DHCP scope until the server could not issue any more IP addresses. This led to a Dos attack, and as a result, legitimate employees were unable to access the clients network. Which of the following attacks did Abel perform in the above scenario?

• A. STP attack
• B. Rogue DHCP server attack
• C. DHCP starvation
• D. VLAN hopping

Answer: C

Explanation:
A DHCP starvation assault is a pernicious computerized assault that objectives DHCP workers. During a DHCP assault, an unfriendly entertainer floods a DHCP worker with false DISCOVER bundles until the DHCP worker debilitates its stock of IP addresses. When that occurs, the aggressor can deny genuine organization clients administration, or even stock an other DHCP association that prompts a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) assault.
In a DHCP Starvation assault, a threatening entertainer sends a huge load of false DISCOVER parcels until the DHCP worker thinks they've used their accessible pool. Customers searching for IP tends to find that there are no IP addresses for them, and they're refused assistance. Furthermore, they may search for an alternate DHCP worker, one which the unfriendly entertainer may give. What's more, utilizing a threatening or sham IP address, that unfriendly entertainer would now be able to peruse all the traffic that customer sends and gets.
In an unfriendly climate, where we have a malevolent machine running some sort of an instrument like Yersinia, there could be a machine that sends DHCP DISCOVER bundles. This malevolent customer doesn't send a modest bunch - it sends a great many vindictive DISCOVER bundles utilizing sham, made-up MAC addresses as the source MAC address for each solicitation.
In the event that the DHCP worker reacts to every one of these false DHCP DISCOVER parcels, the whole IP address pool could be exhausted, and that DHCP worker could trust it has no more IP delivers to bring to the table to legitimate DHCP demands.
When a DHCP worker has no more IP delivers to bring to the table, ordinarily the following thing to happen would be for the aggressor to get their own DHCP worker. This maverick DHCP worker at that point starts giving out IP addresses.
The advantage of that to the assailant is that if a false DHCP worker is distributing IP addresses, including default DNS and door data, customers who utilize those IP delivers and begin to utilize that default passage would now be able to be directed through the aggressor's machine. That is all that an unfriendly entertainer requires to play out a man-in-the-center (MITM) assault.

NEW QUESTION # 154
These hackers have limited or no training and know how to use only basic techniques or tools.
What kind of hackers are we talking about?

• A. Script Kiddies
• B. Gray-Hat Hacker
• C. Black-Hat Hackers A
• D. White-Hat Hackers

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 155
Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network lo identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?

• A. internal assessment
• B. Credentialed assessment
• C. External assessment
• D. Passive assessment

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
Detached weakness evaluation adopts an interesting strategy: In checking network traffic, it endeavors to order a hub's working framework, ports and benefits, and to find weaknesses a functioning scan like Nessus or Qualys probably won't discover on the grounds that ports are hindered or another host has come on the web.
The information may then give setting to security occasions, for example, relating with IDS alarms to lessen bogus positives.
Uninvolved investigation offers two key points of interest. The first is perceivability. There's regularly a wide hole between the thing you believe is running on your organization and what really is. Both organization and host scan report just what they see. Scan are obstructed by organization and host firewalls. In any event, when a host is live, the data accumulated is here and there restricted to flag checks and some noninvasive setup checks. In the event that your scan has the host certifications, it can question for more data, however bogus positives are an immense issue, you actually may not see everything. Further, rootkits that introduce themselves may run on a nonscanned port or, on account of UDP, may not react to an irregular test. On the off chance that a functioning weakness appraisal scan doesn't see it, it doesn't exist to the scan.
Host firewalls are regular even on worker PCs, so how would you identify a rebel worker or PC with a functioning output? An inactive sensor may see mavericks on the off chance that they're visiting on the organization; that is perceivability a scanner won't give you. A detached sensor likewise will recognize action to and from a port that isn't generally filtered, and may identify nonstandard port utilization, given the sensor can interpret and order the traffic. For instance, basic stream examination won't distinguish SSH or telnet on Port 80, however convention investigation may.
The subsequent significant favorable position of inactive investigation is that it's noninvasive- - it doesn't intrude on organization tasks. Dynamic weakness evaluation scanners are obtrusive and can disturb administrations, regardless of their designers' endeavors to limit the potential for blackouts. In any event, utilizing alleged safe sweeps, we've taken out switches, our NTP administration and a large group of other basic framework segments. Quite a long while prior, we even bobbed our center switch twice with a nmap port output.

NEW QUESTION # 156
Which among the following is the best example of the hacking concept called "clearing tracks"?

• A. After a system is breached, a hacker creates a backdoor to allow re-entry into a system.
• B. During a cyberattack, a hacker injects a rootkit into a server.
• C. An attacker gains access to a server through an exploitable vulnerability.
• D. During a cyberattack, a hacker corrupts the event logs on all machines.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 157
Heather's company has decided to use a new customer relationship management tool. After performing the appropriate research, they decided to purchase a subscription to a cloud-hosted solution. The only administrative task that Heather will need to perform is the management of user accounts. The provider will take care of the hardware, operating system, and software administration including patching and monitoring. Which of the following is this type of solution?

• A. SaaS
• B. PasS
• C. CaaS
• D. IaaS

Answer: A

Explanation:
Software as a service (SaaS) allows users to attach to and use cloud-based apps over the web. Common examples ar email, calendaring and workplace tool (such as Microsoft workplace 365).
SaaS provides a whole software solution that you get on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloud service provider. You rent the use of an app for your organisation and your users connect with it over the web, typically with an internet browser. All of the underlying infrastructure, middleware, app software system and app knowledge ar located within the service provider's knowledge center. The service provider manages the hardware and software system and with the appropriate service agreement, can make sure the availability and also the security of the app and your data as well. SaaS allows your organisation to induce quickly up and running with an app at token upfront cost.
Common SaaS scenarios
This tool having used a web-based email service like Outlook, Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail, then you have got already used a form of SaaS. With these services, you log into your account over the web, typically from an internet browser. the e-mail software system is found on the service provider's network and your messages ar hold on there moreover. you can access your email and hold on messages from an internet browser on any laptop or Internet-connected device.
The previous examples are free services for personal use. For organisational use, you can rent productivity apps, like email, collaboration and calendaring; and sophisticated business applications like client relationship management (CRM), enterprise resource coming up with (ERP) and document management. You buy the use of those apps by subscription or per the level of use.
Advantages of SaaS
Gain access to stylish applications. to supply SaaS apps to users, you don't ought to purchase, install, update or maintain any hardware, middleware or software system. SaaS makes even sophisticated enterprise applications, like ERP and CRM, affordable for organisations that lack the resources to shop for, deploy and manage the specified infrastructure and software system themselves.
Pay just for what you utilize. you furthermore may economize because the SaaS service automatically scales up and down per the level of usage.
Use free shopper software system. Users will run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without needing to transfer and install any software system, though some apps need plugins. this suggests that you simply don't ought to purchase and install special software system for your users.
Mobilise your hands simply. SaaS makes it simple to "mobilise" your hands as a result of users will access SaaS apps and knowledge from any Internet-connected laptop or mobile device. You don't ought to worry concerning developing apps to run on differing types of computers and devices as a result of the service supplier has already done therefore. additionally, you don't ought to bring special experience aboard to manage the safety problems inherent in mobile computing. A fastidiously chosen service supplier can make sure the security of your knowledge, no matter the sort of device intense it.
Access app knowledge from anyplace. With knowledge hold on within the cloud, users will access their info from any Internet-connected laptop or mobile device. And once app knowledge is hold on within the cloud, no knowledge is lost if a user's laptop or device fails.

NEW QUESTION # 158
You are a penetration tester and are about to perform a scan on a specific server. The agreement that you signed with the client contains the following specific condition for the scan: "The attacker must scan every port on the server several times using a set of spoofed sources IP addresses. " Suppose that you are using Nmap to perform this scan. What flag will you use to satisfy this requirement?

• A. The -D flag
• B. The -g flag
• C. The -A flag
• D. The -f flag

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
flags -source-port and -g are equivalent and instruct nmap to send packets through a selected port. this option is used to try to cheat firewalls whitelisting traffic from specific ports. the following example can scan the target from the port twenty to ports eighty, 22, 21,23 and 25 sending fragmented packets to LinuxHint.

NEW QUESTION # 159
You have compromised a server and successfully gained a root access.
You want to pivot and pass traffic undetected over the network and evade any possible Intrusion Detection System.
What is the best approach?

• A. Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server.
• B. Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed vis a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion Detection Systems.
• C. Install and use Telnet to encrypt all outgoing traffic from this server.
• D. Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 160
Suppose your company has just passed a security risk assessment exercise. The results display that the risk of the breach in the main company application is 50%. Security staff has taken some measures and implemented the necessary controls. After that, another security risk assessment was performed showing that risk has decreased to 10%. The risk threshold for the application is 20%. Which of the following risk decisions will be the best for the project in terms of its successful continuation with the most business profit?

• A. Accept the risk
• B. Introduce more controls to bring risk to 0%
• C. Mitigate the risk
• D. Avoid the risk

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 161
Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd. The company recently experienced disastrous DoS attacks. The management had instructed Mike to build defensive strategies for the company's IT infrastructure to thwart DoS/DDoS attacks. Mike deployed some countermeasures to handle jamming and scrambling attacks. What is the countermeasure Mike applied to defend against jamming and scrambling attacks?

• A. Implement cognitive radios in the physical layer
• B. A Disable TCP SYN cookie protection
• C. Allow the usage of functions such as gets and strcpy
• D. Allow the transmission of all types of addressed packets at the ISP level

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 162
Which of the following Metasploit post-exploitation modules can be used to escalate privileges on Windows systems?

• A. getuid
• B. autoroute
• C. getsystem
• D. keylogrecorder

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 163
An attacker, using a rogue wireless AP, performed an MITM attack and injected an HTML code to embed a malicious applet in all HTTP connections.
When users accessed any page, the applet ran and exploited many machines.
Which one of the following tools the hacker probably used to inject HTML code?

• A. Wireshark
• B. Ettercap
• C. Aircrack-ng
• D. Tcpdump

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 164
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