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NEW QUESTION # 21
Consider the code fragment provided below:
How many test cases are needed for the code fragment lines 26 - 37 to achieve 100% modified condition/decision coverage?
- A. 2 test cases
- B. 6 test cases
- C. 4 test cases
- D. 8 test cases
Answer: C
Explanation:
Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) requires each condition in a decision to be shown to independently affect the decision's outcome. For the code fragment provided, we have three independent conditions that need to be evaluated both as true and false. The minimum number of test cases needed to satisfy MC/DC for three conditions is four, which would allow each condition to be shown to independently affect the outcome of the decision.
NEW QUESTION # 22
A product risk assessment has revealed the following product risks:
* lack of usability requirements
* security during on-line transactions
* perceived performance of the system and response time from the user interface
* a required availability of almost 100%
To address the 4th risk, which of the following quality characteristics for technical testing should be part of the test approach?
- A. Reliability
- B. Adaptability
- C. Portability
- D. Compatibility
Answer: A
Explanation:
To address the product risk of requiring an availability of almost 100%, the quality characteristic of reliability should be part of the test approach. Reliability testing focuses on the ability of the system to perform under expected conditions for a specified period of time. It is essential for systems that need to be operational continuously or near-continuously. This characteristic encompasses the system's uptime, fault tolerance, recoverability, and the ability to perform under anticipated conditions, all of which are relevant to maintaining high availability.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following is a valid reason for including performance testing in a test approach?
- A. To mitigate the risk of long response times to defects reported by users and/or customers.
- B. To reduce the threat of code insertion into a web page which may be exercised by subsequent users.
- C. To evaluate the system's tolerance to faults in terms of handling unexpected input values.
- D. To evaluate the ability of a system to handle increasing levels of load.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Performance testing is a key part of ensuring that a system can handle the expected load and perform well under high demand. This type of testing is designed to test the robustness, speed, scalability, and stability of the system under a given workload. It is not primarily concerned with security threats such as code insertion (Option A), nor with fault tolerance in terms of unexpected input values (Option B), nor with the speed of addressing user-reported defects (Option C), although these may be tangential benefits. Performance testing is focused on ensuring that the system meets performance criteria and can handle increasing loads without degradation of service, which is essential for providing a good user experience and for the system's reliability.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Consider the pseudo code for the Price program:
Which of the following statements about the Price program describes a control flow anomaly to be found in the program?
- A. The Price program contains unreachable code.
- B. The Price program contains no control flow anomalies.
- C. The Price program contains an infinite loop.
- D. The Price program contains data flow defects.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The pseudo code provided for the Price program shows a potential for an infinite loop due to the way the
'Del_Charge' variable is being manipulated. The loop is set to continue 'WHILE Del_Charge > 0', and within the loop, 'Del_Charge' is initially set to 5 and then potentially decreased by 2 if 'Sale_Value > 60000'.
However, at the end of each loop iteration, 'Del_Charge' is increased by 1. This means that if 'Sale_Value' is not greater than 60000, 'Del_Charge' will not decrease and will instead increment indefinitely, causing an infinite loop. Even if 'Sale_Value' is greater than 60000, the decrement by 2 could be negated by the subsequent increments if the loop runs enough times, potentially leading to an infinite loop situation. There is no guaranteed exit condition once the loop is entered, which is a control flow anomaly.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Within the world of consumer electronics, the amount of embedded software is growing rapidly. The amount of software in high-end television sets has increased by a factor of about eight over the last six years. In addition, the market of consumer electronics has been faced with a 5 -10% price erosion per year. The price of a product is, among a number of other things, determined by the microcontroller used. Therefore, the use of ROM and RAM remains under high pressure in consumer electronic products, leading to severe restrictions on code size.
You are a Technical Test Analyst involved in the review of the architecture of this project.
Which of the following issues would be MOST important to focus on during the review and when verifying the correct implementation?
- A. Transaction concurrency
- B. Caching
- C. Lazy instantiation
- D. Connection pooling
Answer: C
Explanation:
The key context here is the challenge of managing limited resources, particularly ROM and RAM, due to severe restrictions on code size in consumer electronics. Lazy instantiation is a design pattern that defers the creation of an object until the first time it is needed. This approach can significantly reduce the application's memory footprint by avoiding unnecessary pre-allocation of memory, which is particularly valuable in systems where memory resources are constrained. In reviewing the architecture for such a system, it's crucial to ensure that objects are only created when necessary and that memory is optimally managed. Hence, the focus on lazy instantiation would be most important to ensure that the system uses resources efficiently and remains within the restricted code size.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Consider the pseudo code for the Answer program:
Which of the following statements about the Answer program BEST describes the control flow anomalies to be found in the program?
- A. The Answer program contains unreachable code and an infinite loop.
- B. The Answer program contains unreachable code.
- C. The Answer program contains an infinite loop.
- D. The Answer program contains no control flow anomalies.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The provided pseudo code for the Answer program shows a WHILE loop that will always execute because the condition for the loop to terminate (a >= d) is never met within the loop's body. This results in an infinite loop. Additionally, since the value of 'b' is initialized with 'a + 10' and 'a' starts from a value that is read and then set to 2, 'b' will never be equal to 12. Therefore, the 'THEN' branch of the IF statement, which includes
'print(b)', is unreachable. These are control flow anomalies because they represent logic in the code that will not function as presumably intended.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following defect types is NOT an example of a defect type typically found with API testing?
- A. Data handling issues
- B. High architectural structural complexity
- C. Loss of transactions
- D. Timing problems
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the context of API testing, the defect types generally found are related to the specific interactions with the API, such as issues with data formatting, handling, validation, and the sequencing or timing of API calls.
Architectural structural complexity is not typically a defect that would be identified at the API testing level.
API tests are concerned with the interface and immediate integration points, not the overarching system architecture, which would be more relevant to design or system-level testing.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Assume you are involved in testing a Health Insurance Calculation system.
At the main screen one can enter information for a new client. The information to be provided consists of last name, first name and date of birth. After confirmation of the information, the system checks the age of the potential new client and calculates a proposed premium.
The system also has the option to request information for an existing client, using the client's ID number.
A keyword-driven automation approach is being used to automate most of the regression testing.
Based on the information provided, which TWO of the options provided would be the MOST LIKELY keywords for this application? (Choose two.)
- A. Enter_Client
- B. Select_Client
- C. Print_Premium
- D. Exclude_Client
- E. Remove_Client
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Considering the functionalities described for the Health Insurance Calculation system, the keywords would represent the main actions that can be performed in the system. 'Enter_Client' would be a keyword for entering new client information, which is a primary feature of the system as described. 'Select_Client' would be used to retrieve information for an existing client using the client's ID number, which is another main functionality. Other options such as 'Remove_Client', 'Print_Premium', and 'Exclude_Client' are not explicitly mentioned in the provided system functionalities, therefore, 'Enter_Client' and 'Select_Client' are the most likely keywords for automation.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Consider the pseudo code provided below:
Which of the following options provides a set of test cases that achieves 100% decision coverage for this code fragment, with the minimum number of test cases?
Assume that in the options, each of the three numbers in parenthesis represent the inputs for a test case, where the first number represents variable "a", the second number represents variable "b", and the third number represents variable "c".
- A. (5. 3,2)
- B. (4,5. 0); {5, 4, 5)
- C. (5. 3, 2); (6, 4, 2); (5, 4, 0)
- D. (5. 4, 0); (3, 2, 5); (4, 5, 0)
Answer: C
Explanation:
To achieve 100% decision coverage with the minimum number of test cases, we need to ensure that every branch of the decision is taken at least once. For the code provided:
The first condition (a>b) is true for the first two test cases and false for the third.
The second condition (b>c) is true for the first test case, false for the second, and does not matter for the third since the first condition is false.
Therefore, with these three test cases, we cover all possible outcomes of the decision, ensuring 100% decision coverage.
NEW QUESTION # 30
At which test level would reliability testing most likely be performed?
- A. Functional acceptance testing
- B. Component testing
- C. System testing
- D. Static testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reliability testing is aimed at verifying the software's ability to function under expected conditions for a specified period of time. It is typically conducted during system testing, where the software is tested in its entirety to ensure that all components work together as expected in an environment that closely simulates the production environment. Reliability testing is not typically associated with static testing, component testing, or functional acceptance testing, as these levels of testing do not address the overall behavior of the system over time.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following is a generic risk factor that should be considered by a Technical Test Analyst during a product risk analysis?
- A. Complexity of new technology.
- B. Visibility of failure leading to negative publicity and potential image damage.
- C. Frequency of use of the affected feature by end-users.
- D. High change rate of business requirements.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A Technical Test Analyst during a product risk analysis would consider the complexity of new technology as a generic risk factor. Complex new technology can introduce uncertainties and potential issues that may not be well-understood, which can increase the risk of defects. Frequency of use, visibility of failure, and high change rate of business requirements are also valid considerations, but they are more specific to particular scenarios or aspects of the product rather than the generic technological complexity which is always a concern regardless of the context.
NEW QUESTION # 32
A major Caribbean bank typically develops their own banking software using an Agile methodology.
However, for some specific components COTS software is acquired and used. The bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier.
As part of the test approach, portability testing will be performed. Which portability sub-characteristic is especially relevant for the Caribbean bank?
- A. Co-existence
- B. Adaptability
- C. In stall ability
- D. Replaceability
Answer: D
Explanation:
Portability testing is concerned with how well software can be transferred from one environment to another.
In the context of a bank using COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software, the sub-characteristic of replaceability becomes particularly relevant. This is because the bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier, meaning it should be able to replace the software with another product without significant effort or operational disruption. Replaceability ensures that if needed, the bank can switch to different software, thereby mitigating the risk of supplier dependency.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Consider the pseudo code provided below regarding a customer request for cash withdrawal from an ATM.
If the customer has sufficient funds in their account
OR the customer has the credit granted
THEN the ATM machine pays out the requested amount to the customer
Which of the following test cases would be the result of applying multiple condition testing, but would NOT be the result of applying modified condition/decision testing?
- A. TC 1: Customer has sufficient funds. Credit has not been granted.
- B. TC 3: Customer does not have sufficient funds. Credit has not been granted.
- C. TC 2: Customer does not have sufficient funds. Credit has been granted.
- D. TC 4: Customer has sufficient funds. Credit has been granted.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multiple condition testing requires each possible combination of conditions to be tested, whereas modified condition/decision testing (MC/DC) requires each condition to be shown to independently affect the outcome. In the case of the ATM withdrawal, TC 3 (Customer does not have sufficient funds and credit has not been granted) would not result in the machine paying out, which is a result of applying multiple condition testing. However, for MC/DC, this test case would not be included because it doesn't provide an independent assessment of either condition's effect on the decision since both conditions are negative and the outcome is as expected (no payout).
NEW QUESTION # 34
A new web site has been launched for a testing conference. There are a number of links to other related web sites for information purposes. Participants like the new site but complaints are being made that some (not all) of the links to other sites do not work.
Which type of test tool is most appropriate in helping to identify the causes of these failures?
- A. Dynamic analysis tool
- B. Static analysis tool
- C. Review tool
- D. Hyperlink tool
Answer: D
Explanation:
When users complain about issues with links on a website, the most appropriate test tool to identify the causes of these failures is a hyperlink tool (answer B). Hyperlink tools are specifically designed to check the validity of links on web pages. They can automatically identify broken or dead links, which is essential for maintaining the quality and user experience of a website. Review tools, static analysis tools, and dynamic analysis tools do not primarily focus on hyperlink verification.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Within the world of consumer electronics, the amount of embedded software is growing rapidly. The amount of software in high-end television sets has increased by a factor of about eight over the last six years. In addition, the market of consumer electronics has been faced with a 5 -10% price erosion per year. The price of a product is, among a number of other things, determined by the microcontroller used. Therefore, the use of ROM and RAM remains under high pressure in consumer electronic products, leading to severe restrictions on code size.
Within a new high-end TV project, it has been decided to apply dynamic analysis.
Which of the quality goals listed below is MOST appropriate to the project context?
- A. Analyse system failures which cannot easily be reproduced.
- B. Prevent failures from occurring by detecting wild pointers and loss of system memory.
- C. Improve system performance by providing information on run-time system behaviour.
- D. Evaluate network behaviour.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the context of consumer electronics, where there is rapid growth in embedded software and pressure to minimize code size due to cost constraints, dynamic analysis can be particularly useful for improving system performance. Dynamic analysis involves examining the system's behavior during execution, which can provide insights into the efficiency of the code at runtime, memory utilization, and processing speed. In a high-end TV project where the use of ROM and RAM is under severe restrictions, dynamic analysis would be most appropriately applied to improve system performance, ensuring that the software runs efficiently within the available hardware resources. This supports the project context by contributing to the optimization of the software to run within the constraints of the microcontroller used, thereby potentially reducing costs.
NEW QUESTION # 36
You are working on project where re-use of software is an objective. You are involved in the project as a Technical Test Analyst and have been given the task to develop a checklist for code reviews.
Which question from the list below should you implement as part of the code review checklist?
- A. Are all variables defined with meaningful, consistent and clear names?
- B. Are all modules, data, and interfaces uniquely identified?
- C. Is it possible during acceptance testing to verity whether the item has been satisfied?
- D. Can each item be implemented with the techniques, tools, and resources available?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 37
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